b. elevation - facing magnet, facade facing street of several buildings
c. cross-sections - facing 4 directions - slow all elevations - window openings, bricks
Friday, November 12, 2010
Program on the Site - Kreuzberg, Berlin, Germany
The Edge of the Milieu
The milieu – anything in the air – spirit world part of milieu
“The milieu becomes a universal instrument of the dissolution of individualized organic synthesis in the anonymity of elements and universal movements.”
The Milieu The Courtyard - dissolution of the Public/Private Realm, obscuring of the domains of public and private – hidden and demand/require to be discovered
The Edge The Wall – cuts an edge – no man’s land, everyman’s land, Living on the edge, nothing is secure, nothing is constant – developed its own culture in the east end of West Berlin on the border of the Soviet controlled area
Counter-culture tradition challenging social behavior: the edge of norms and rules and borders - annual riots - formality/informality - attracted the marginalized - the edge of society - Jews, 70s & 80s squatters scene, artists, immigrants
History of Change: Kruezberg’s population has completely changed twice in the last two decades. Society seems to live in a state of acceptance of constant change and upheaval, and they live in this state flux and change. (WWI, WWII, Quartered city 1945, Berlin Wall 1961, Collapse of Berlin Wall 1989) Each major event takes place around every twenty years. Twenty years are up when’s the next shoe going to fall?
Sunday, October 10, 2010
perturbation
per.tur.ba.tion
-noun
1. the act of perturbing
2. the state of being perturbed.
3. mental disquiet, disturbance, or agitation.
4. astronomy. deviation of a celestial body from a regular orbit about its primary, cause by the presence of one or more other bodies that act upon the celestial body.
World English Dictionary
5. physics. a secondary influence on a system that modifies simple behavior, such as the effect of the other electrons on one electron in an atom.
6. astronomy. a small continuous deviation in the inclination and eccentricity of the orbit of a planet or comet, due to the attraction of neighboring planets.
Science Dictionary
7. a small change in a physical system, most often in a physical system at equilibrium that is disturbed from the outside.
8. variation in a designated orbit, as of a planet, that results from the influence one or more external bodies. Gravitational attraction between planets can cause perturbations and cause a planet to deviate from its expected orbit. Perturbations in the orbit of stars have led to the discovery of planetary systems outside our solar system.
http://dictionary.reference.com/
Sunday, October 3, 2010
555 timer chip and sound generator
Here are three examples of circuits that have variable outputs. As the air pressure increases it forces the water in the tube up, completing an open circuit between two wires, acting like a switch, to then make a sound, beep, hum, signaling a change in pressure.
(source: http://home.cogeco.ca/~rpaisley4/LM555.html#4)
Collecting Materials & Supplies
Looking for materials (air/gases/liquids) that deflect easily to changes in air pressure.
Also looking at various liquids as to their various properties of:
Density
Viscosity
Conductivity
-because water is 13.6 x lighter than mercury it will climb that much faster and further than mercury as a barometer. As a result, it will reflect a more architectural scale.
-tubes ranging through several floors, was well as at several different levels and altitudes.
-the material needs to have a greater density than water, but is less viscous, and if is to become a switch, or pot then it needs to be conductive.
-need to determine if as the pressure along the tube changes does the relative capacitance along the tube change?
-water conductivity - electrolyte solution - can conduct electricity
(ion = wanderer in Greek)
-table salt NaCl electrolyte
Liquids Denser that Water Temp t (C) Density p (kg/m3)
water 4 1000
sulphuric acid (95% onc.) 20 1839
mercury 25 13590
iodine 25 4927
chloride 25 1560
bromine 25 3120
Conductivity
-iodine would make a great choice as a pressure sensitive material except that it is not conductive.
-the conductivity of water increase as the NaCl ratio increases.
(source www.horiba.com)
Salinity (density of salt in salt water) and conductivity. Liquid temperature 25 degrees C
NaCl density (w/v)% Conductivity (mS/cm)
0.1 2.0
0.5 9.2
1.0 17.6
1.5 25.6
2.0 33.0
The more Na+ and Cl- contained in water the more electricity is carried, and the higher the conductivity. Therefore if we know the conductivity of a sample of salt water, we can calculate just how salty the water is.
Group Crit
-strain gauge sensor can measure subtle changes
-will need some sort of sealed unit
-high scaled physics supplies or lab equipment, i.e. long silicon tubing suspended
-need some sort of visual registry - at building scale - need a tall scale - hight of the room 20'-30' therefore operating at an architectural scale and will then populate the space with changes in the pressure throughout the room and how populated in space
-it needs a certain amount of behavior
-level of indication
-something that responds to changes in small behaviors of expansion and contraction to make it perceivable
-becomes a question of scale and leverage (Go big or go home!)
-Nick - water switch makes the connection to complete the circuit
-everything affected by pressure.
ISEA 2010 RUHR Exhibition
International Symposium of Electronic Art
Verena Friedrich (de)
"Transducers"
Transducers is an installation composed of several glass tubes, each containing a single human hair. Mimicking scientific examination methods the object under investigation – the human hair – is triggered by the machinery and is stimulated to react. This reaction is registered, amplified and transduced into a sound. Each of the devices generates a unique sound based on the individual specimen from each donor.
http://www.isea2010ruhr.org/programme/exhibitions/isea2010-ruhr-exhibition/friedrich
(mechanical transduction techniques)
Sunday, September 26, 2010
analogue methods of measuring pressure
Main Issues :
-Change in pressure -----> change in material (expanding/contracting, bending)
-Change in pressure -----> changes sealed gaseous liquid (aneroid device), liquid (alcohol, water, oil, mercury)
-Scale enlargement
Need to address:
Pressure Differential
Deflection
Air/Gas/Liquid expansion
Aneroid Barometer (Leibnitz 1844)
(means without water/liquid)
an=without
aer (air)
eidos (form)
-capsule device that moves with changes in pressure (an alloy of beryllium and copper)
-when the air has been partially removed from the box the surface depresses or expands with variation of air pressure on it.
-increase in atmospheric pressure increases air density
-expansion or contraction of the vacuum chamber is caused by change in air pressure
Article "Remote query pressure measurement using magnetoelastic sensors"
-inexpensive sensors
-no internal power supply
-remote query sensing of environmental parameters
Hanging Water Experiment
-the air around us is always pushing against something - it pushes in every direction
-the greater the air pressure pushing on the nylon/paper/silicon/vinyl is greater than the pressure of the weight of the water ie. air pressure.
http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/180pressurefs.html
Denis Dingens article "Weatherinstruments" discusses the invention and development of different types of barometers and calibration of barometers for various sea levels.
http://www.barometers.com/images/meteo_english.pdf
Thursday, September 23, 2010
feedback
Desk Crit:
-will need some sort of a transducer - a device that converts one type of energy to another. (Types of transducers - sensor, actuator, or a combination. A sensor is used to detect a parameter in one form and report it in another form of energy - usually an electrical and/digital signal). For example a pressure sensor might detect pressure (a mechanical form of energy) and convert it to electricity for display at a remote gauge. An actuator accepts energy and produces movement (action). The energy supplied to an actuator might be electrical or mechanical (pneumatic, hydraulic, etc.). An electric motor and a loudspeaker are both transducers, converting electrical energy into motion for different purposes. (source: wikipedia.com)
-sound is determined by pressure - fluctuations in pressure - make the sound audible
-building pressure (actuator) changes with heat/temperature/wind
-play with pressure and respond to it
-the issue is how to amplify and record the changes in pressure
-try to detect and make device to detect that
-pressure picks up movement - the ether - picks up displacements at all levels
-web cam - reverse lens - microscope - microelectronics - hack web cams - can't actually see but pays respect to
-if scale of pressure changes actual scale of actuator changes
-find ways of making things lightweight and small with large, delicate, sensitive spans
-make a material so responsive - with a large surface area - allow for deflection - something like balloons, inflatables? using helium, as pressure changes - is responsive ad how can make this work
-issue of calibration!!!!!! (will need to research this)
-exploring materiality what can do - materials sensitive to pressure
-issue of scale
-pressure - liquid/gaseous - changes
Searches: (MIT Press, Leonardo)
Soundstorm-email the artists
Department of Meteorology - to ask about measuring barometric pressure
Milieu- notion of milieu
Latour/Simondon
-how we negotiate a milieu determine where boundaries are
-interesting ways of looking at the world
ether - air/oxygen/locus of spirits - fluxes -moisture/pressure /energy/19th century biilluminescence
- how the world was described
Bruno Latour
"We have never been modern"
"Leviathan and the Air-pump" - Thomas Hobbes and Robert Boyle
-air-pump and proving the vacuum
-withnessing
-actor-network theory - parliment of things - the apparatus will determine what the experiment will be.
Georges Canguilhem
The Knowledge of Life in "The Living and it's Milieu"
-no distinction between fluid/gas/milieu/ether started to describe patterns in the world.
-perturbations - displaced not coming in or out
Will need to look at devices of amplifying and magnifying
**sensitivity
Look at barometers of the 18th Century - how was pressure monitored before it was digital?
-material amplification change ie. temperature in thermostat, use old devices to search for clues to measuring pressure
-find sensibility that can work with and that will determine what can work with
-barometric pressure -thin pipets - measuring change in length
Tuesday, September 21, 2010
those working with pressure
"In interactive art, mapping problem becomes increasingly complex, seeing that the public is invited to become an equal partner in the construction of meaning. This role is far more than merely fulfilling a role as an interpreter of (artistically) implied meaning.
"...'create an autonomous virtual social agent that is able to communicate...' such agents should be able to deal with capabilities of both synthesis and analysis. In order to do so, it is necessary to have a mapping strategy that is deduced from objective measurements, ideally cross-referenced with an analysis of subjective experience. This mapping strategy should also have a more universal nature than a mapping available to the public based solely on the artist's decisions. "
Interactivity and biometrics - "The choice for using a heart rate sensor is very much related to the belief that change in heart rate is an involuntary corporeal function, and thus it should behave on a more subliminal level than responses induced by cognition."
from "Coming from the heart: heart rate synchronization through sound" at http://biblio.ugent.be/input/download?func=downloadFile&fileOId=926016
Installation artists that use pulse pressure
Pulse Room
Soundstorm Installation
Monday, September 20, 2010
pressure sensors
Looking at converting a digital barometer to analogue in some manner. Need to develop a simple digital/analogue device, a device in registering something. Could be sound, inaudible at such a slow rate of change but compressed in time to make something more present.
A pressure sensor to act like a breathing mechanism, like lungs breathing as pressure changes, a heart beat is pressure changing. Flexing a material - becomes a system in and of itself. The approach of an observer changes the absolute pressure of the space, therefore no longer just being the observer but becoming part of of the environment.
Kinds of pressure: absolute
differential -moving from a high pressure to a low pressure can carry a force that can be converted to an electrical current - energy
gauge
(switch)
vacuum
Miniature Pressure Transducer
-designed to minimize sensor size while maintaining usable bandwidth.
-a foil strain gauge is coupled to a flat support plate, which is then mounted to the edges of a dome-like cover. When pressure is applied to the MPT, the support plate deforms, elongating the strain gauge.
-may need to connect to a Wheatstone bridge circuit to maximize the output of the sensor. This is the most commonly employed sensing technology for general purpose pressure measurement. Generally, these technologies are suited to measure absolute, gauge, vacuum, and differential pressures.
Altitude Sensing
-uses the relationship between changes in pressure relative to the altitude. Barometric pressure sensors can have an altitude resolution of less than 1 meter.
Strain Gauge Sensor
- simple accurate way to measure even sight deformation of a solid surface or object.
-Classified by material - usually a bended wire, metal foil, as a semiconductor
physical size
resistance
gauge factor - defined as the ration of the fractal change in resistance over the fractional change in length along the gauge axis
Force Sensitive Resistor (FSR)
-forcing sensing resistor has a variable resistance as a function of applied pressure therefore making it more of a pressure sensor.
Piezoelectricity - piezoelectric effect
-many materials exhibit piezoelectricity - biological tissues, ie. tendons, intestine, silk, bone, and wood
sensorwiki.org - exploration of various sensors
Barometric Pressure Power
Deriving Power from Atmospheric Pressure Differences over Geographically-Spaced Sites
Barometric Pressure Power
"A company called Cold Energy, claim they can tap into the energy consistently present in atmospheric pressure differences over long distances or elevation differences. The pressure differences creates a great deal of wind energy that can theoretically be challenged through a pipe to produce electrical energy, as air naturally rushes to the lower pressure end of the pipe. We witness this effect occurring every time a low pressure weather system passes over our area and wind rushes into the low pressure system, creating the wind that is a typical component of a storm. This is a novel, yet unproven, approach to tapping into a clean renewable energy source with tremendous energy potential.
"Anyone who has seen a weather report has seen maps with high pressure systems on one part of the map; and low pressure systems on another part of the map. Between these pressure systems, there are isobars - those wavy white lines that lie across the space between these pressure zones, indicating equal amounts of pressure, which create a pressure gradient (hill) that allows wind to flow naturally from high pressure to low pressure."
-The proposal is to run a pipe between the high to low pressure areas, you could tap into a tremendous amount of energy as the air rushes from the high pressure area to the low pressure area, and spin electric generating turbine from the flow of air between the two locations.
http://peswiki.com/index.php/Directory:Barometric_Pressure_Power
phenomenon of pressure
Pressure
[noun]
1 continuous physical force exerted on or against an object by something in contact with it; the force per unit area exerted by a fluid against a surface with which it is in contact
2 the use of persuasion or intimidation to make someone do something; the influence or effect of someone or something; a sense of stressful urgency caused by having too many demands on one's time or resources
[verb]
-attempt to persuade or coerce (someone) into doing something
Pressure (the symbol: P) is the force per unit area applied in a direction perpendicular to the surface of an object. Gauge pressure is the pressure relative to the local atmospheric or ambient pressure.
Pressure is a scalar quantity. It is transmitted to solid boundaries or across arbitrary sections of fluid normal to these boundaries or sections at every point.
The standard atmosphere (atm) is an established constant. It is approximately equal to typical air pressure at earth mean sea level and is defined as follows:
standard atmosphere = 101325 Pa = 101.325 kPa
atmospheric pressure
ambient pressure
altitude sensing
surface pressure
dynamic pressure
internal pressure
pressure differential
dispersed pressure
concentrated pressure
directed pressure
negative pressure
vapor pressure
-pressure in relation to temperature changes, humidity, drafts, vibration, sound pressure are several potential explorations.
-wind speed and direction will also fluctuate the barometer
-air conditioning may create a pressure differential between the inside and outside of the room.
-use of a hygrometer to measure air humidity or the water vapor in the air.
the quasi-object
"Being or relating, that is the whole question."
"the thread in his hands is our simple relation."
"This quasi-object, when being passed, makes the collective, if it stops, it makes the individual...The moving furet weaves the "we," the collective; if it stops, it marks the "I."
"Over there, on the ground, it is nothing; it is stupid; it has no meaning, no function, and no value. Ball isn't played alone."
"The ball is the subject of circulation; the players are only the stations and relays. The ball can be transformed into the witness of relays."
"The ball shuttles back and forth like the furet, weaving the collective, virtually putting to death each individual."
"This quasi-object that is a marker of the subject is an astonishing constructer of intersubjectivity...The "we" is made by the bursts and occultations of the "I." The "we" is made by passing the "I." And by substitution and vicariance of the "I."
"Words, bread, and wine are between us, beings or relations. We appear to exchange them between us though we are connected at the same table or with the same language."
"A symbol, but especially a symbol of the other. The symbolic is there; it is divided and is not divided. It is also a quasi-object. The quasi-object itself is a subject. The subject can be a quasi-object."
"Reciprocally: without referent, we are only blind men. We live only by relations."
studio 10/11
observer: pertubation device
the project brief:
"anything said is said by an observer. In his discourse the observer speaks to another observer, who could be himself: whatever applies to the one applies to the other as well. The observer is a human being, that is, a living system, and whatever applies to the living system applies to him." -Maturana and Varela
"...the building envelope inhabits a boundary condition that is often ambiguous... the complex layering of building materials that compose the interface of the surface address and modulates their own specific micro environmental conditions. These environmental (technical) elements have their own variable scale that are both molecular (capillary action) as well as human.
"As a dynamic system, the building envelop mitigates a variety of environmental and energetic systems. These systems may include, temperature differentials, light and solar energy, wind pressure, humidity and water infiltration and even the sonic conditions between these environments. Each of these conditions has the potential to develop into interplay between a sensing condition (both electronically and passively) as well as an opportunity for actuation. ... These conditions of environmental interplay are also polyscalar and polytemporal. ... The opportunity to develop and interactive script based on a temporal complexity resides in the relationship that is immediately available within a typical environmental interplay of a building membrane.
1. the device must sense immaterial phenomenon. In this sense, anything that is exposed to, surrounds or effects the environment of a building. This would include: sound, vibration, pressure, hydrology, humidity, light, heat, electromagnetic energy, radio waves etc. Any immaterial phenomenon that is affected or modulated by a building condition.
2. the device must translate this immaterial condition into a sensible analogue. ie. a phenomenological condition that reveals to the senses and makes apparent this immaterial condition. Hence in its action and monitoring of something that is invisible, it must make it tangible. Tangible to the point where its behaviors, its sensibilities can be tracked through time and space.
In interactive systems, we refer to this as mapping; where phenomenon that are unperceivable can be transformed into the perceivable by the calibration and the manipulation of the phenomenon; some strategies include, material translation, scaling (both in time and space) and even amplification.
"Our problem is the living organization and therefore our interest will not be in properties of components, but in the process and relations between processes realized through components." - Maturana and Varela
Sunday, February 7, 2010
Motor PNP Transistor to Arduino Circuit
10 motors set to 10 digital outputs on the Arduino board.
6 sensors, mainly piezo sensors and carbon paper sensors, will be attached to the analogue inputs on the Arduino that will then activate the 10 tiny vibrational motors through he program MaxMSP.
Black Box at Concordia University
In Montreal we will be working with the Technological Media Lab to set up a wireless network.
Capteur || Emmeteur 2: Responsiveness and Interactivity
Part II
Based on the line of inquiry continuing from last term, the goal of this studio is to emerge with a comprehensive design of a sensing building. In my case I will be working with the nature of vibration and its material consequences. The objective is to bring the ideas of last term into the context understanding the consequences of as a building. I will be closely examining material connections of wire to wire, or to steel bars, etc. Through adding and subtracting materials and details filling the space of the silo. The studio will also combine a comprehensive technical aspect.
Major Objectives:
1. Responsiveness and Interactivity
-Starting to explore the question of responsiveness at several levels, in which something has its own behavior. Buildings have systems that not only seem life-like, but also respond to activities of life. This implies a complex set of behaviors including place, social program and temporality.
What is it going to do?
What is the significance?
What is its purpose?
How do people behave?
How does it become an institution i.e. demands interaction with the public and is imbedded in the public sphere.
4 Steps
Material consequence of vibration, historical background, examples of work that work with this consequence, material expression and something that has sensing to it.
Step 1: Build Framework and Substrate
The site: Montreal Silos
Framework/Substrate: 1/8" Steel Cable in tension and 3/4" bent steel flat bar into rings delineating silo dimensions.
Step 2: Program
Looking at the event state of what interactivity is going to be about, ie. wireless networks in the Black Box to establish program a developed building elaboration to bring things into focus and architectural.
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